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Preface
1. Introduction
2. 1.1 Chemistry in Context
3. 1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter
4. 1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
5. 1.4 Measurements
6. 1.5 Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
7. 1.6 Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results
8. Introduction
9. 2.1 Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
10. 2.2 Evolution of Atomic Theory
11. 2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbolism
12. 2.4 Counting Large Numbers of Atoms: The Mole
13. 2.5 Chemical Formulas
14. Introduction
15. 3.1 Electromagnetic Energy
16. 3.2 The Bohr Model
17. 3.3 Development of Quantum Theory
18. 3.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations)
19. Introduction
20. 6.1 Lewis Symbols and Structures
21. 6.2 Formal Charges and Resonance
22. 5.1 Molecular and Ionic Compounds
23. 5.2 Ionic Bonding
24. 5.3 Covalent Bonding
25. 5.4 Chemical Nomenclature
26. 5.5 Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
27. 5.6 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
28. 4.1 Periodic Variations in Element Properties
29. 4.2 The Periodic Table
30. Introduction
31. 7.1 Molecular Structure and Polarity
32. 7.2 Valence Bond Theory
33. 7.3 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
34. 7.4 Multiple Bonds
35. Introduction
36. 9.1 Molarity
37. 9.2 Solution Stoichiometry
38. 9.3 Net Ionic Equations
39. 9.4 Net Ionic Equations Practice
40. 9.5 Classifying Chemical Reactions
41. 9.6 Neutralization and Titration
42. 9.7 Neutralization and Titration Practice
43. Introduction
44. 8.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
45. 8.2 Reaction Stoichiometry
46. 8.3 Reaction Yields
47. 8.4 Quantitative Chemical Analysis
48. Introduction
49. 10.1 Energy Basics
50. 10.2 Calorimetry
51. 10.3 Enthalpy
52. 10.4 Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds
53. Introduction
54. 11.1 Gas Pressure
55. 11.2 Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law
56. 11.3 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions
57. 11.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
58. 11.5 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
59. 11.6 Non-Ideal Gas Behavior
60. Introduction
61. 12.1 Intermolecular Forces
62. 12.2 Properties of Liquids
63. 12.3 Phase Transitions
64. 12.4 Phase Diagrams
65. 12.5 The Solid State of Matter
66. 12.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids
67. Introduction
68. 13.1 Other Units for Solution Concentrations
69. 13.2 The Dissolution Process
70. 13.3 Electrolytes
71. 13.5 Solubility
72. 13.6 Colligative Properties
73. 13.7 Colloids
74. Introduction
75. 16.1 Chemical Equilibria
76. 16.2 Equilibrium Constants
77. 16.3 Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle
78. 16.4 Equilibrium Calculations
79. Introduction
80. 15.1 Chemical Reaction Rates
81. 15.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
82. 15.3 Rate Laws
83. 15.4 Integrated Rate Laws
84. 15.5 Collision Theory
85. 15.6 Reaction Mechanisms
86. 15.7 Catalysis
87. Introduction
88. 14.1 Spontaneity
89. 14.2 Entropy
90. 14.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
91. 14.4 Free Energy
92. Introduction
93. 17.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
94. 17.2 pH and pOH
95. 17.3 Acid-Base Titrations
96. 17.4 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
97. Introduction
98. 18.1 Hydrolysis of Salts
99. 18.2 Polyprotic Acids
100. 18.3 Buffers
101. 18.4 Precipitation and Dissolution
102. 18.5 Lewis Acids and Bases
103. 18.6 Coupled Equilibria
104. Introduction
105. 19.1 Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
106. 19.2 Galvanic Cells
107. 19.3 Standard Reduction Potentials
108. 19.4 Potential, Free Energy, and Equilibrium
109. 19.5 Batteries and Fuel Cells
110. 19.6 Corrosion
111. 19.7 Electrolysis
112. Introduction
113. 20.1 Hydrocarbons
114. 18.2 Alcohols and Ethers
115. 18.3 Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters
116. 18.4 Amines and Amides
117. Introduction
118. 19.1 Nuclear Structure and Stability
119. 19.2 Nuclear Equations
120. 19.3 Radioactive Decay
121. 19.4 Transmutation and Nuclear Energy
122. 19.5 Uses of Radioisotopes
123. 19.6 Biological Effects of Radiation
124. Introduction
125. 20.1 Periodicity
Appendix A: The Periodic Table
Appendix B: Essential Mathematics
Appendix C: Units and Conversion Factors
Appendix D: Fundamental Physical Constants
Appendix E: Water Properties
Appendix F: Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases
Appendix G: Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances
Appendix H: Ionization Constants of Weak Acids
Appendix I: Ionization Constants of Weak Bases
Appendix J: Solubility Products
Appendix K: Formation Constants for Complex Ions
Appendix L: Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials
Appendix M: Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes
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College of Western Idaho General Chemistry: CHEM 111 & 112 Copyright © 2016 by Rice University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.